Privacy Preserving and Access Control- Enhanced Parking Enforcement

 In smart transportation, the automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) system has been adopted to monitor the movements of vehicles and enforce parking rules. ALPR system can capture the GPS coordinates and the license plates of a vehicle and check whether it has parked longer than a predefined period. Although parking enforcement authority promises that information would be deleted from the storage server when it is not needed, individuals still worry about how their data are processed and whether there is misuse or leakage of information. In this talk, we will introduce a novel privacy-preserving and access control-enhanced parking enforcement system to address the privacy leakage issue during parking enforcement while achieving flexible access authorization of the data when there is a dispute. Specifically, by utilizing the keyed-hash message authentication code, enforcement vehicles can generate a tag based on the location and the license plate number of a vehicle, which can be used to identify whether there is a parking violation. Moreover, by integrating our proposed time-based conditional proxy re-encryption scheme and blockchain technology, evidence of parking violation (e.g., captured pictures) that can be decrypted only by the drivers can be decoded by an authorized judge when there is a dispute and a review is requested. Security analysis demonstrates that our scheme can achieve data security, fairness, and access control. Also, simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed parking enforcement system.