Steer-by-Wire Systems for Intelligent Vehicles: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Steer-by-wire (SbW) technology is widely regarded as a key enabling technology for next-generation intelligent and autonomous vehicles, which offers significant advantages in vehicle design flexibility, steering performance, safety, and integration with advanced driver assistance and autonomous driving systems. With the rapid development of intelligent mobility technologies, SbW systems have attracted increasing attention from both academia and the automotive industry. This talk presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in automotive SbW systems, including system architectures, dynamic modelling, sensing technologies, fault-tolerant mechanisms, and advanced control strategies. Key technical challenges associated with robustness, nonlinear dynamics, reliability, functional safety, cyber-security, and human–vehicle interaction are also discussed. In addition, emerging trends such as AI-enabled steering control, intelligent chassis integration, and autonomous driving applications are addressed. Finally, practical challenges and future research opportunities toward real-world deployment are presented.